Nestled in the southern region of Basilicata, Matera is one of Italy's most captivating and historically rich cities. Famous for its ancient cave dwellings, known as the "Sassi," Matera offers a unique blend of history, culture, and breathtaking scenery. This guide will provide you with all the essential information to make the most of your visit to Matera, ensuring a memorable experience in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

A Brief History of Matera

Matera's history dates back to the Paleolithic era, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. The Sassi di Matera, the ancient cave dwellings, were first inhabited around 9,000 years ago. These caves were carved into the limestone rock and served as homes, churches, and even monasteries over the centuries.

In the 1950s, the Italian government relocated many of Matera's residents to new housing developments due to poor living conditions in the Sassi. However, in the 1980s and 1990s, efforts to preserve and restore the Sassi began, leading to Matera's designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993. Today, the Sassi have been transformed into a thriving cultural and tourist hub, with many caves converted into hotels, restaurants, and museums.

Exploring the Sassi

The Sassi di Matera are divided into two main districts: Sasso Caveoso and Sasso Barisano. Both areas offer a labyrinth of narrow alleys, stone staircases, and hidden courtyards, creating a sense of stepping back in time.

Sasso Caveoso

Sasso Caveoso is the more traditional and less developed of the two districts. Here, you'll find numerous ancient cave dwellings, some of which are still in their original state. Key sites to visit in Sasso Caveoso include:

Casa Grotta di Vico Solitario: This preserved cave house offers a glimpse into the daily life of Matera's inhabitants in the early 20th century. The house is furnished with authentic furniture and tools, providing an immersive experience.

Chiesa di Santa Maria de Idris: This rock-cut church is perched atop a hill, offering panoramic views of the Sassi and the surrounding landscape. Inside, you'll find beautiful frescoes dating back to the 12th century.

Sasso Barisano

Sasso Barisano is more developed and features a mix of ancient cave dwellings and more modern buildings. Highlights of Sasso Barisano include:

Palombaro Lungo: This impressive underground cistern, located beneath Piazza Vittorio Veneto, was once used to collect rainwater for the city. Guided tours are available, allowing you to explore the cistern's vast chambers and learn about Matera's ingenious water management system.

Chiesa di San Pietro Barisano: Another rock-cut church, San Pietro Barisano is the largest of its kind in Matera. The church's interior features stunning frescoes and a network of underground tunnels and chambers.

Matera's Modern Attractions

While the Sassi are undoubtedly the main draw, Matera also offers a range of modern attractions and amenities. The city center, known as the "Piano," is home to elegant piazzas, charming cafes, and boutique shops. Key sites to visit in the modern part of Matera include:

Palazzo Lanfranchi: This historic palace now houses the National Museum of Medieval and Modern Art of Basilicata. The museum's collection includes works by local artists as well as pieces from the Renaissance and Baroque periods.

Piazza San Pietro Caveoso: This lively square is a great place to relax and soak up the atmosphere of Matera. You'll find several cafes and restaurants here, offering a range of traditional Italian and regional dishes.

Practical Information for Visitors

Getting There

Matera is well-connected by road and rail. The nearest major airport is Bari Karol Wojtyla Airport, approximately 65 kilometers away. From Bari, you can take a train or bus to Matera, with the journey taking around 1.5 to 2 hours. Alternatively, if you're driving, Matera is accessible via the A14 and SS99 highways.

Accommodation

Matera offers a wide range of accommodation options, from luxury hotels to budget-friendly guesthouses. For a truly unique experience, consider staying in one of the converted cave hotels in the Sassi. Popular options include:

Sextantio Le Grotte della Civita: This luxury hotel offers beautifully restored cave rooms, combining modern comforts with historic charm.

Locanda di San Martino: Another cave hotel, Locanda di San Martino features a wellness center with a heated indoor pool carved into the rock.

Dining

Matera's culinary scene is a delight for food lovers. The city's restaurants offer a range of traditional dishes, often made with locally sourced ingredients. Must-try dishes include:

Pane di Matera: This traditional bread is made using ancient recipes and local durum wheat. It's characterized by its thick crust and dense, flavorful crumb.

Orecchiette alle Cime di Rapa: A regional pasta dish made with orecchiette (small, ear-shaped pasta) and sautéed turnip greens, often flavored with garlic, anchovies, and chili.

Final Tips

Wear comfortable shoes: The Sassi's narrow alleys and steep staircases can be challenging to navigate, so be sure to wear comfortable footwear.

Visit early or late: To avoid the crowds and experience the Sassi at their most atmospheric, visit early in the morning or in the late afternoon.

Take a guided tour: To fully appreciate Matera's history and cultural significance, consider joining a guided tour. Many local guides offer tours in multiple languages, providing valuable insights into the city's past and present.

Matera is a city like no other, where ancient history and modern life blend seamlessly. With its stunning landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and warm hospitality, Matera promises an unforgettable travel experience.