The Mafra National Palace, located in the charming town of Mafra, Portugal, is a magnificent architectural gem that stands as a testament to the grandeur of the Baroque era. This imposing palace, with its rich history, intricate design, and cultural significance, is a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to Portugal. Here’s an in-depth look at what makes Mafra National Palace a unique and unmissable experience, complete with travel tips to make the most of your visit.

Historical Background

The Mafra National Palace, known as Palácio Nacional de Mafra in Portuguese, was commissioned by King João V in 1717 as a vow to God for granting him an heir. The palace was originally intended to be a modest Franciscan monastery, but due to the immense wealth flowing into Portugal from Brazil at the time, it quickly evolved into a grandiose project. The construction took over 13 years and involved more than 52,000 workers, culminating in one of the most impressive Baroque buildings in Europe. The palace was completed in 1730 and was officially consecrated in 1735.

Architectural Marvel

The palace is a masterpiece of Baroque architecture, sprawling over 37,790 square meters and featuring over 1,200 rooms, 156 stairways, and 29 courtyards. Its façade stretches for an astounding 220 meters, adorned with statues and intricate carvings that showcase the opulence of the Baroque style.

One of the most striking features of the Mafra National Palace is its basilica, crowned with a massive dome and flanked by two bell towers. The basilica is home to six historic organs and the world’s largest set of 18th-century carillons, consisting of 98 bells. The basilica’s interior is equally impressive, with its stunning marble inlays in various colors, ornate altarpieces, and beautiful frescoes.

The palace also houses a remarkable library, considered one of the most beautiful in the world. The library spans 88 meters in length and contains over 36,000 leather-bound volumes, including rare manuscripts and incunabula. The collection covers a wide range of subjects, from theology and philosophy to science and art, making it a treasure trove of knowledge.

Cultural and Artistic Significance

Beyond its architectural splendor, the Mafra National Palace is a significant cultural and artistic landmark. It is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, a testament to its importance in Portuguese and world history. The palace served as a royal residence for King João V and subsequent Portuguese monarchs, and it played a crucial role in the country’s political and religious life during the 18th century.

The palace is also linked to literary history, most notably as the inspiration for Nobel laureate José Saramago’s novel "Baltasar and Blimunda." The book, set during the construction of the palace, offers a fictionalized yet evocative depiction of the era, intertwining the building’s history with themes of love, power, and mysticism.

Visiting the Mafra National Palace

A visit to the Mafra National Palace is a journey through time, offering a glimpse into the opulent world of 18th-century Portugal. Here’s what you need to know to plan your visit:

Opening Hours and Admission:

The palace is open to the public daily, except on Tuesdays, from 9:30 AM to 5:30 PM. Last entry is at 4:45 PM. Admission fees vary, with discounts available for seniors, students, and families. It’s advisable to check the official website for the most up-to-date information on ticket prices and opening hours.

Guided Tours:

To fully appreciate the history and architecture of the Mafra National Palace, consider joining a guided tour. Knowledgeable guides provide insights into the palace’s construction, its artistic treasures, and the lives of the monarchs who once resided there. Audio guides are also available in several languages, offering flexibility for independent exploration.

Exploring the Palace:

Start your visit with the basilica, where you can admire the grand dome, the intricate marble work, and the magnificent organs. Then, move on to the royal apartments, where you’ll find lavishly decorated rooms, including the king’s and queen’s chambers, the throne room, and the hunting trophy room, showcasing the royal family’s opulent lifestyle.

Don’t miss the palace library, a highlight of the visit. The library’s stunning Rococo design, with its gilded woodwork, exquisite floor-to-ceiling bookshelves, and the collection of rare books, is a sight to behold. The library also houses a colony of bats, which help preserve the collection by eating insects that could damage the books.

The Convent and Surroundings:

After exploring the palace, take some time to visit the adjoining convent, which offers a more austere contrast to the palace’s opulence. The convent’s simple yet elegant architecture reflects the Franciscan monks’ way of life, with its refectory, dormitories, and kitchen.

The palace is surrounded by the Tapada Nacional de Mafra, a vast royal hunting ground that now serves as a nature reserve. It’s an excellent place for a leisurely walk, a picnic, or wildlife spotting, with deer, wild boar, and various bird species inhabiting the area.

Getting There

Mafra is located about 40 kilometers northwest of Lisbon, making it an easy day trip from the capital. The most convenient way to reach Mafra is by car, with the journey taking around 45 minutes via the A8 highway. Alternatively, you can take a bus from Lisbon’s Campo Grande station, with regular services running throughout the day. The bus ride takes approximately one hour.

Tips for a Perfect Visit

Wear Comfortable Shoes: The palace is vast, and you’ll be doing a lot of walking, so comfortable footwear is essential.

  

Bring a Camera: The palace’s interiors and the surrounding landscape offer plenty of photo opportunities.

Plan Ahead: The palace can get busy, especially during weekends and holidays, so it’s advisable to arrive early or book tickets in advance.

Combine with Nearby Attractions: Consider combining your visit to Mafra with a trip to the nearby coastal town of Ericeira, known for its beautiful beaches and excellent seafood.

Conclusion

The Mafra National Palace is more than just a historical monument; it’s a window into the opulence and grandeur of Portugal’s past. With its breathtaking architecture, rich history, and cultural significance, a visit to this UNESCO World Heritage Site is a memorable experience that should not be missed. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, an architecture lover, or simply a curious traveler, the Mafra National Palace promises a day filled with discovery and awe.